Beauty of my training is that my students have the opportunity to learn from scratch, mentored to build the business, and spend time to interact with experienced soap makers for months and years.
Soapmaking begins with formulation and saponification value is the tool to start with. Different oils have different SAP value. Saponification value is the mass of alkali (mg) required to react with 1g of the oil. For example SAP value for PKO is 250, Animal fat 196, and Palm oil 200.
Let me work out something.
Assuming you want to make a soap using 50% Palm oil, 30% PKO, and 20% Animal fat. Question to ask is what volume of oil, water and caustic soda is required. I teach my students how to quickly run this with soapCALC. But let's do it together.
First we determine the SAP value of the blend: 0.5 x 200 = 100, 0.3 x 250 = 75, 0.2 x 196 = 39.2. That gives SAP value of 214.2 for the blend.
Meaning that we need 214.2 mg of potassium hydroxide to react with 1g of our oil mixture. But you know we will use sodium hydroxide, called lye or caustic soda. We will convert by using the molar masses of NaOH (40) and KOH(56). (214.2 x 40)/56 = 153.
That means we will need 153mg of caustic soda to react with 1g of our oil blend. This translates to 153g of caustic soda to 1kg of oil.
Caustic soda to oil mass ratio of 1:6.5. For 5% superfat. We do 1.05 x 6.5 = 6.8.
For 1kg of caustic soda we need 6.8kg oil blend. Using 900kg/m3 for density of oil. We will need between 6 to 7.5 Litres of oil blend for 1kg caustic soda.
Next we will talk of water, fillers, bulking agents and perfume need as well as other technical issues.
Odfid Technical Center
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